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邮政行业安全监督管理办法

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邮政行业安全监督管理办法

交通运输部


邮政行业安全监督管理办法(中华人民共和国交通运输部令2011年第2号)

中华人民共和国交通运输部令 2011年第2号   2011年01月17日



  《邮政行业安全监督管理办法》已于2010年12月23日经第11次部务会议通过,现予公布,自2011年2月1日起施行。

部长 李盛霖
二○一一年一月四日

邮政行业安全监督管理办法

第一章 总 则

  第一条 为加强邮政行业安全监督管理,维护邮政通信与信息安全,保护用户合法权益,促进邮政行业健康发展,根据《中华人民共和国邮政法》及有关法律、行政法规,制定本办法。
  第二条 在中华人民共和国境内管理、经营和使用邮政服务、快递业务及与此相关的安全活动,适用本办法。
  第三条 邮政行业安全监督管理坚持安全第一、预防为主、综合治理的方针,保障寄递渠道畅通和邮件、快件寄递安全,确保邮政企业、快递企业生产安全和邮政行业从业人员人身安全。
  第四条 国务院邮政管理部门负责全国的邮政行业安全监督管理工作。
  省、自治区、直辖市邮政管理机构负责本行政区域内的邮政行业安全监督管理工作。
  第五条 邮政管理部门应当与有关部门相互配合,健全邮政安全保障机制,加强对邮政通信与信息安全的监督管理。
  第六条 邮政企业、快递企业应当遵守国家有关安全管理的规定,不得危害国家安全、公共安全和公民、法人、其他组织的合法权益。
  第七条 用户交寄邮件、快件应当遵守国家关于禁止寄递或者限制寄递物品的规定,不得通过寄递渠道危害国家安全、公共安全和公民、法人、其他组织的合法权益。
  第八条 任何公民、法人或者其他组织不得隐匿、毁弃、非法开拆邮件、快件,不得损毁邮政与快递服务设施或者影响邮政与快递服务设施的正常使用。
  有关公民、法人或者其他组织应当配合邮政管理部门实施邮政行业安全监督管理工作。

第二章 通信与信息安全

  第九条 邮政企业、快递企业应当提示用户如实填写寄递详情单,包括寄件人、收件人名址和寄递物品的名称、类别、数量等,并核对寄件人和收件人信息,准确注明邮件、快件的重量、资费。国务院邮政管理部门规定寄件人出具身份证明的,邮政企业、快递企业应当要求用户出示有效身份证件。
  邮政企业、快递企业应当在用户在场的情况下,当面验视交寄物品,检查是否属于国家禁止或限制寄递的物品,以及物品的名称、类别、数量等是否与寄递详情单所填写的内容一致。依照国家规定需要用户提供有关书面凭证的,邮政企业、快递企业应当要求用户提供凭证原件,核对无误后,方可收寄。
  用户拒绝验视、拒不如实填写寄递详情单、拒不提供相应书面凭证或者不按照规定出示有效身份证件的,邮政企业、快递企业不予收寄。
  第十条 邮政企业、快递企业在收寄过程中发现用户寄递国家禁止寄递的物品的,应当拒绝收寄。已经收寄的邮件、快件中发现有上述物品的,邮政企业、快递企业应当立即停止转发和投递。
  对其中依法需要没收或者销毁的物品,应当立即向有关部门报告,并配合有关部门进行处理。
  对已经收寄的不需要没收、销毁的禁寄物品以及一同查处的禁寄物品之外的物品,邮政企业、快递企业应当与寄件人或者收件人取得联系,妥善处理。
  第十一条 快递企业不得经营由邮政企业专营的信件寄递业务,不得寄递国家机关公文。
  外商不得投资经营信件的国内快递业务。
  第十二条 邮政企业、快递企业应当妥善投递邮件、快件。需要签收的,邮政企业、快递企业应当直接交付收件人,并办理签收手续,或者依法由他人代为签收。
  机关、企事业单位、住宅小区管理单位等应当为邮政企业投递邮件提供便利,并保障代收代投邮件的安全。
  第十三条 邮政企业、快递企业应当采用技术手段,对收寄、分拣、运输、投递等环节实行安全监控,防止邮件、快件在寄递过程中短少、丢失、损毁。
  监控设备应当全天二十四小时运转,监控资料保存时间不得少于三十天,并按照国务院邮政管理部门的要求报送。
  第十四条 邮政企业、快递企业应当保护用户的信息安全和通信秘密,确保所掌握的用户使用邮政服务、快递业务的信息不被窃取、泄露。未经法律明确授权或者用户书面同意,邮政企业、快递企业不得将用户使用邮政服务、快递业务的信息提供给任何组织或者个人,但公安机关、国家安全机关、检察机关依法行使职权的除外。
  第十五条 邮政企业、快递企业应当配备符合国家标准的安全检查设备,安排具备专门技术和技能的人员对邮件、快件进行安全检查。安全检查设备的标准由国务院邮政管理部门会同有关部门另行制定。
  第十六条 邮政企业、快递企业应当按照邮政管理部门规定的项目收集、统计、分析运营信息,确保有关数据的真实、完整,并按时向邮政管理部门报送。
  邮政企业、快递企业应当为接入邮政管理部门的信息管理系统预留相应的数据接口,并按规定与邮政管理部门的信息管理系统联网。
  第十七条 邮政企业、快递企业应当配合邮政管理部门、公安机关和国家安全机关的安全监督检查,为监督检查人员提供相应的便利条件。
  邮政企业、快递企业设计和建设邮件、快件处理场所,应当符合国家安全机关、海关依法履行职责的要求。
  第十八条 邮政企业、快递企业应当保障本企业寄递渠道的畅通。
  因自然灾害、社会事件、生产安全事故、经营不善等造成或者可能造成邮件、快件积压的,邮政企业、快递企业应当及时组织和调配运力,进行有效疏运。
  第十九条 邮政企业、快递企业及其分支机构、从业人员不得非法扣留邮件、快件。
  第二十条 邮件、快件积压或者被扣留的,邮政管理部门应当协调处理,必要时可以组织邮政企业、快递企业运输、投递,由此产生的费用由邮件、快件积压或者被扣留的邮政企业、快递企业承担。

第三章 生产安全

  第二十一条 邮政企业、快递企业应当遵守本办法和其他有关安全生产的规定,加强安全生产管理,建立、健全安全生产责任制度,完善安全生产条件,确保生产安全。
  第二十二条 邮政企业、快递企业应当遵守国家有关安全生产的法律、法规、标准,落实安全生产管理责任。
  邮政企业、快递企业的主要负责人是安全生产的第一责任人,对本单位安全生产工作负有下列职责:
  (一)建立、健全本企业安全生产责任制;
  (二)组织制定本企业安全生产规章制度和操作规程;
  (三)保证本企业安全生产资金的投入和有效使用;
  (四)积极配合相关部门对本企业的安全生产工作进行监督检查;
  (五)督促、检查本企业的安全生产工作,及时消除生产安全事故隐患;
  (六)组织制定并实施本企业的生产安全事故应急救援预案;
  (七)及时、如实报告生产安全事故。
  第二十三条 邮政企业、快递企业应当落实岗前安全培训制度,强化从业人员安全生产知识与技能的培训、教育,使其具备与本岗位相适应的安全生产知识和处置技能。未经安全生产教育和培训合格的从业人员,不得上岗作业。
  特种作业人员应当按照规定经专门的安全作业培训并取得特种作业操作资格证书,方可上岗作业。
  第二十四条 邮政企业、快递企业应当建立健全安全生产责任制,落实安全生产保障、安全生产检查与事故隐患排查、安全生产教育培训、安全生产信息报告等制度。
  第二十五条 邮政企业、快递企业所使用的设施设备的安装、使用、检测、维修、改造和报废,应当符合国家标准或者行业标准。有较大危险因素的生产经营场所和有关设施设备上,应当设置明显的安全警示标志。
  第二十六条 邮件处理中心、快件分拨中心、营业网点、员工宿舍等人员密集场所应当设有符合紧急疏散要求、标志明显、保持畅通的出口。禁止封闭、堵塞出口。
  前款所列人员密集场所及用于存放物品的临时场地和库房应当按规定设置防火、防触电等安全设施、设备。
  第二十七条 邮政企业应当按照有关规定加强邮政汇兑、邮政储蓄资金票据的安全管理。
  第二十八条 邮政企业、快递企业新建、改建和扩建邮件处理中心、快件分拨中心,其安全设施必须与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投入生产和使用。已经投入生产和使用的安全设施不符合安全防护标准和要求的,邮政企业、快递企业应当予以更换或者改建。邮政企业、快递企业的邮件处理中心、快件分拨中心设计建设前及竣工验收后,应当向当地省级邮政管理机构备案。
  第二十九条 邮政企业、快递企业的从业人员有依法获得安全生产保障的权利,企业应当为从业人员提供工伤保险和相应的个人安全防护措施、装备,营造安全的工作环境。

第四章 应急管理

  第三十条 邮政管理部门以及邮政企业、快递企业应当按照《国家邮政业突发事件应急预案》建立健全突发事件应对工作机制,提高应对邮政行业突发事件能力,预防与减少邮政行业突发事件及其造成的损害。
  第三十一条 邮政管理部门应当结合邮政行业安全监督管理的实际,定期对本行业突发事件应急预案的可行性、科学性与有效性进行评估,适时修订。定期组织邮政企业、快递企业开展突发事件应急演练。
  第三十二条 邮政企业、快递企业应当按照国务院邮政管理部门的规定,制定突发事件应急预案和专项预案,根据情势变化适时修订更新,并及时向邮政管理部门备案。
  第三十三条 邮政企业、快递企业应当加强应急队伍建设和物资、技术、经费保障,满足突发事件预防与处置工作的需要。
  邮政管理部门为应对突发事件,可以调集和征用有关邮政企业、快递企业的人员、物资及车辆、场地和相关设备,并按照有关规定给予补偿。
  第三十四条 发生自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件、社会安全事件等,造成下列情形之一的,邮政企业、快递企业应当在一小时内向突发事件发生地的省级邮政管理机构和负有相关职责的公安、国家安全、安全生产监督管理等部门报告:
  (一)本企业人员死亡或者失踪一人以上,或者重伤三人以上的;
  (二)邮件、快件一次丢失、损毁一百件以上,或者积压一千件以上的;
  (三)邮寄爆炸物、生物病原体、生物毒素、危险化学品、放射性物品等,在寄递过程中发生爆炸、泄漏的;
  (四)邮件处理中心、快件分拨中心内发生重大事故,生产中断的;
  (五)其他可能严重影响寄递渠道畅通的情形。
  第三十五条 有下列情形之一的,邮政企业、快递企业应当在情形发生之日起三日内,向邮政管理部门报告相关情况:
  (一)邮政企业、快递企业及其分支机构因面临高额债务追偿或者因投资、经营不善导致无法履行对其他主体的债务,可能影响正常开展寄递业务的;
  (二)邮政企业、快递企业及其分支机构因经济纠纷或者违法行为被有关机关查封运营设备、设施,或者冻结资产的;
  (三)邮政企业、快递企业分立、合并、投资融资、变更终止协议等,可能影响正常开展寄递业务的;
  (四)邮政企业、快递企业及其从业人员私自开拆、隐匿、毁弃邮件、快件十件以上,或者因故意延误投递邮件、快件被侦查机关立案调查的;
  (五)其他可能影响寄递渠道畅通的情形。
  第三十六条 突发事件发生后,发生事件的邮政企业、快递企业在报告信息的同时,应当及时启动应急预案进行先期处置,控制事态。
  邮政管理部门在接到报告后,应当依照规定及时组织处置并向上级部门报告,必要时,联系有关部门共同处置。
  第三十七条 邮政管理部门应当妥善处置邮政行业突发事件,查明事件原因和责任,提出整改措施,并依法对有违法行为的责任人作出处理。涉及其他部门管理职权的,应当联合有关部门共同处理。

第五章 监督管理

  第三十八条 邮政管理部门依法履行下列职责:
  (一)制定保障邮政通信与信息安全、安全生产的政策、制度和相关标准,并监督实施;
  (二)指导与监督邮政企业、快递企业落实安全责任制,督促企业加强内部安全管理;
  (三)对邮政行业运行安全进行监测、预警和应急管理;
  (四)指导、监督邮政企业、快递企业开展安全运营的宣传教育和培训;
  (五)依法对邮政企业、快递企业实施安全监督检查;
  (六)组织调查或者参与调查邮政行业安全事故,查处违反邮政行业安全监管规定的行为;
  (七)法律、法规、规章规定的其他职责。
  第三十九条 邮政管理部门应当加强邮政行业安全管理制度和安全知识的宣传,提高从业人员的安全意识、安全操作技能,增强公众使用寄递服务的安全意识。
  第四十条 邮政管理部门应当加强邮政行业安全运行的监测预警,建立信息管理体系,收集、分析与邮政行业安全运行有关的各类信息。
  省、自治区、直辖市邮政管理机构应当及时向国务院邮政管理部门报告邮政行业安全信息,并定期通报相应的公安机关、国家安全机关、海关、安全生产监督管理部门。
  第四十一条 邮政管理部门应当对邮政企业、快递企业建立健全和遵守安全生产制度以及企业防范安全风险、规范从业人员安全生产行为等情况进行检查。
  第四十二条 邮政管理部门发现邮政企业、快递企业存在违反安全管理规定,妨害或者可能妨害邮政行业安全的,应当对其调查。违法行为涉及其他部门的管理职权的,邮政管理部门应当会同有关部门,共同对邮政企业、快递企业进行调查。
  第四十三条 邮政管理部门开展监督检查,应当有两名以上监督检查人员参加。
  监督检查人员应当出示执法证件,告知邮政企业、快递企业检查事由和依据。
  第四十四条 邮政安全监督检查人员应当将检查的时间、地点、内容、发现的问题及其处理情况,作出书面记录,并由监督检查人员和被检查单位的负责人签字;被检查单位负责人拒绝签字的,监督检查人员应当将情况记录在案。
  第四十五条 邮政管理部门可以在行业内通报邮政企业、快递企业违反安全监管有关规定、发生安全事件以及对有关责任人员进行处理的情况,必要时可以向社会公开上述信息,但涉及国家秘密、商业秘密与个人隐私的除外。

第六章 法律责任

  第四十六条 用户违反本办法第七条规定,寄递危害国家安全、公共安全的信息或者物品,尚不构成犯罪的,依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》及有关法律、法规处罚;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。违法邮寄国家禁止出境或者限制出境的物品,按照《中华人民共和国海关法》处罚。给邮政企业、快递企业或者公民、法人及其他组织造成损害的,应当依法承担赔偿责任。
  第四十七条 邮政企业、快递企业违反收寄验视制度或者违反规定收寄禁止寄递物品或者限制寄递物品的,依照《中华人民共和国邮政法》第七十五条予以处罚。违法收寄国家禁止出境或限制出境的物品,依照《中华人民共和国海关法》处罚。
  第四十八条 违反本办法第十一条规定的,依照《中华人民共和国邮政法》第七十二条予以处罚。
  第四十九条 邮政企业、快递企业违法提供用户使用邮政服务、快递业务的信息的,依照《中华人民共和国邮政法》第七十六条予以处罚。
  第五十条 违反本办法第十三条第二款、第十六条第一款、第二十八条规定,未按照要求报送有关数据、信息或者备案的,由邮政管理部门责令限期改正,可以处一千元以上一万元以下的罚款。逾期未改正的,处一万元以上三万元以下的罚款。
  第五十一条 邮政企业、快递企业有下列行为之一的,由邮政管理部门责令限期改正,可给予警告或处一万元以下的罚款;逾期未改正的,责令停业整顿,可以并处二万元以下的罚款:
  (一)未按照本办法第二十三条的规定对从业人员进行安全生产教育和培训的;
  (二)特种作业人员(特种设备作业人员除外)未按照规定经专门的安全作业培训并取得特种作业操作资格证书,上岗作业的。
  第五十二条 邮政企业、快递企业有下列行为之一的,由邮政管理部门责令限期改正,可以处三千元以上一万元以下的罚款;逾期未改正的,责令停业整顿,可以并处五万元以下的罚款;造成严重后果,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任:
  (一)未在有较大危险因素的生产经营场所和有关设施、设备上设置明显的安全警示标志的;
  (二)安全设备的安装、使用、检测、改造和报废不符合国家标准或者行业标准的;
  (三)未对安全设备进行经常性维护、保养和定期检测的;
  (四)未为从业人员提供符合国家标准或者行业标准的劳动防护用品的;
  (五)未对重大安全隐患进行整改的。
  第五十三条 邮政企业、快递企业违反本办法第十七条规定,拒不配合安全监督检查的,依据《中华人民共和国邮政法》第七十七条的规定予以处罚。
  第五十四条 邮政企业、快递企业违反本办法第三十二条规定,未制定突发事件应急预案和专项预案的,由邮政管理部门责令限期改正,可给予警告或处一千元以上五千元以下的罚款;逾期未改正的,处五千元以上一万元以下的罚款。
  第五十五条 邮政管理部门工作人员在安全监督管理工作中滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任;尚不构成犯罪的,依法给予处分。

第七章 附 则

  第五十六条 机要通信安全监督管理办法另行制定。
  第五十七条 本办法自2011年2月1日起施行。




本案杨中的行为该如何定性

滑力加 杨月厚
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  [案情简介]

  被告人杨中和苗生都是宁夏固原市三营镇农民。2003年,二人在内蒙呼和浩特市打工期间,认识了在呼市做小生意的马军。今年4月6日10时,杨中骑摩托车接马军。马军对摩托车十分好奇,遂向杨中借上这辆摩托车开着玩。不料撞上一录像厅老板,将其裤子挂破。录像厅老板向马军索要260元赔偿金。由于二人身上没有带这么多钱,录像厅老板就将摩托车扣下。杨中遂给苗生打电话求助。苗生赶来,借给马军100元钱,了结了此事。

  事后,苗生提出以该摩托车为抵押,从马军父母在呼经营的粮油门市部赊购7袋面粉,再借500元现金。马母同意后,马军和杨中按苗生的要求拿上500元现金,又雇车将七袋面粉运到呼市新城区红旗街交给王平(同案在逃)。

  苗生和王平在此过程中感到马军家中可能有钱,就预谋绑架马军,然后向马家索取钱财。苗生打电话给马军和杨中,让二人到呼市火车站一旅店来见他。当日14时许,当马军和杨中来到该旅店时,看到店门口有两个陌生人。二人一进屋,两个陌生人就守住门口。接着苗生将房门关上后,先一脚将马军踹倒,随后就问马军:家里有钱没有。马军说没有。苗生就从杨中腰中抽出杨随身携带的一把匕首,用刀尖逼在马军的大腿上,问马军到底有钱没?马军说有也只是一两千元。此时王平进来,又从苗生手里拿过匕首,再次逼问马军家中有没有三万元?马军仍说有也是几千元。王、苗二人不信,继续殴打马军。后又让马军给家里打电话,要2万元人民币。期间,杨中看到这种场面,就劝阻苗生不要这样干,结果遭到苗生殴打。

  马军在苗、王二人的逼迫下,被迫给家里打电话,说有个人要“借”两万元钱买汽车,自己现在不能回家。马母在电话中说家里没有那么多钱。苗生只好改为先拿2000元,马母表示同意。

  于是苗生就让杨中到马军家去取钱。苗生和王平与另二人则将马军转移到呼市公安厅东面一家招待所等候。

  马军家接到电话后,立即意识到儿子出事了,当即向公安机关报了案。所以当杨中一到马军家,就被公安机关当场抓获。经公安人员做工作,杨中表示愿意配合公安机关工作。后在杨中的配合下,公安人员将前来取钱的苗生抓获。马军也乘机逃出。

  [分歧]

  在对此案审查起诉过程中,检察机关对苗生涉嫌构成绑架罪没有异议,但对于杨中的行为性质是否涉嫌犯罪产生异议。

  一种意见认为:杨中在这起绑架案中,事先没有预谋,事发时又竭力劝阻,还因此遭到苗生的殴打,这说明其没有共同犯罪的故意。虽然杨中有去马军家取钱的行为,但这是被胁迫的。况且杨中被抓获后能积极配合公安机关的工作,从而使公安机关很快抓获了苗生,解救了人质。故认为杨中的行为不构成犯罪,建议对杨中作出无罪不起诉的决定。

  另一种意见认为:杨中虽然在这起绑架案中事先没有参与预谋,事发时又曾加以劝阻,但其最终还是服从苗生的命令,去马军家取款。这一行为,实际上是参与到绑架行为之中了。但其地位应当属于共同犯罪中的胁从犯,可起诉到法院,建议法院根据《刑法》中关于胁从犯的规定进行处罚。

  [评析]

  笔者同意第二种意见。

  根据司法实践,在共同犯罪案件中,行为人有事先预谋的,也有事先没有预谋的而临时参加的。

  我国《刑法》根据行为人在共同犯罪中的作用及分工,将共同犯罪人分为主犯、从犯、胁从犯和教唆犯四种。本案中,杨中的行为应当属于胁从犯。

  所谓胁从犯,是指被胁迫参加共同犯罪的人。

  就拿本案来看,杨中一开始并不知道苗生等人要绑架马军。当苗生等人开始实施绑架行为时,杨中首先持反对态度,进行劝阻。杨中为此还遭到苗生的殴打。这种殴打行为就是共同犯罪当中的胁迫行为。

  在绑架案件中,绑架人质只是一种手段,索要钱财才是真正目的。苗生等人绑架了马军,并由杨中去拿钱,这是一种行为的两个阶段,由此形成一个完整的犯罪过程。而杨中就是由一个开始不同意,后来在他人胁迫之下参加到绑架行为之中的共同犯罪嫌疑人,是后一阶段参加进去的行为人。

  胁从犯不同于身体完全受到强制或者精神处于不知状态的人。如本案中的杨中,一开始他受到胁迫,在现场他既无法反抗,也无法离开。虽然受到胁迫,但他也没有对马军实施任何行为。这时的杨中虽在现场,但并没有实施任何犯罪行为。但当苗生指令他去马家取钱时,此时的杨中因为已经恢复了行动的自由,在这时有三种方式可供杨中选择:一是离开犯罪现场后,一躲了之;二是向公安机关报案,协助公安机关抓获绑架人,解救出人质;三是听从苗生之言,去马家取款。这是关系到杨中罪与非罪的重大选择。如果杨中选择了前两种方式,那他就不可能被抓捕。遗憾的是杨中是一个智力健全,能够辨别是非的正常人,他明知自己的行为是犯罪行为,但他还是选择了第三种方式,从而使其不但有了共同犯罪的故意,而且实际上加入到这场犯罪行为之中。

  我国《刑法》第二十八条规定:“对于被胁迫参加犯罪的,应当按照他的犯罪情节减轻处罚或者免除处罚。”在这里要注意分清免除处罚和无罪的区别。免除处罚是指行为人的行为已构成犯罪,但因其情节或法律规定不予处罚;不构成犯罪则是指行为人的行为根本就不是犯罪。

  由此不难看出,杨中的行为已符合绑架罪的犯罪构成要件。对其行为的性质不是是否构不构成犯罪的问题,而是如何处罚的问题。

内蒙古呼和浩特市新城区人民检察院·杨月厚 滑力加


MARITIME TRAFFIC SAFETY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ——附加英文版

The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress


MARITIME TRAFFIC SAFETY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

(Adopted at the Second Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Sixth National People's Congress, promulgated by Order No. 7 of the
President of the People's Republic of China on September 2, 1983, and
effective as of January, 1, 1984)

Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Inspection and Registration of Vessels
Chapter III Personnel on Vessels and Installations
Chapter IV Navigation, Berthing and Operations
Chapter V Safety Protection
Chapter VI Transport of Dangerous Goods
Chapter VII Rescue from Disasters at Sea
Chapter VIII Salvage and Removal of Sunken and Drifting Objects
Chapter IX Investigation and Handling of Traffic Accidents
Chapter X Legal Liability
Chapter XI Special Provisions
Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
This law is formulated in order to strengthen the control of maritime
traffic; ensure the safety of vessels, installations, human life and
property; and safeguard the rights and interests of the state.
Article 2
This Law shall apply to all vessels, installations and personnel and to
the owners and managers of such vessels and installations that navigate,
berth or operate in the coastal waters of the People's Republic of China.
Article 3
The harbour superintendence agencies of the People's Republic of China
shall be the competent authorities responsible for the unified supervision
and administration of traffic safety in the coastal waters.

Chapter II Inspection and Registration of Vessels
Article 4
Vessels and their major equipment relating to navigation safety must have
valid technical certificates issued by vessel inspection departments.
Article 5
A vessel must have a certificates showing its nationality, a vessel
registry certificate or a vessel licence.

Chapter III Personnel on Vessels and Installations
Article 6
Vessels shall be manned with qualified crew members according to a
standard quota to ensure the vessels' safety.
Article 7
The captain, chief engineer, pilot, engineers, radio and telephone
operators and similar personnel on board seaplanes or submersibles must
hold valid job certificates. All other crew members must undergo
specialized technical training required for their work.
Article 8
In accordance with state provisions, all installations shall be provided
with personnel who have mastered the techniques of collision avoidance,
signalling, communications, fire control, life-saving and other
operations.
Article 9
All personnel on vessels and installations must observe relevant rules and
regulations concerning maritime traffic safety, follow the operating rules
and ensure the safety of the vessels and installations in navigation,
berthing and operations.

Chapter IV Navigation, Berthing and Operations
Article 10
While navigating, berthing or carrying out operations, vessels and
installations must abide by the relevant laws, administrative statutes and
rules and regulations of the People's Republic of China.
Article 11
Non-military vessels of foreign nationality may not enter the internal
waters and harbours of the People's Republic of China without the approval
of its competent authorities. However, under unexpected circumstances such
as critical illness of personnel, engine breakdown or the vessels being in
distress or seeking shelter from weather when they do not have the time to
obtain approval, they may, while entering China's internal waters of
harbour, make an emergency report to the competent authorities and shall
obey its directions.
Military vessels of foreign nationality may not enter the territorial
waters of the People's Republic of China without the approval of the
Government of the People's Republic of China.
Article 12
Vessels sailing on international routes that enter and leave the harbours
of the People's Republic of China must accept inspection by the competent
authorities. Vessels of Chinese nationality sailing on domestic routes
that enter and leave such harbours must obtain port entry and departure
visas.
Article 13
Vessels of foreign nationality entering and leaving a harbour of the
People's Republic of China, navigating or shifting berths in the harbour
area, or approaching or leaving mooring points or loading spots outside
the harbour must be navigated by a pilot designated by the competent
authorities.
Article 14
When entering or leaving harbours or passing through controlled traffic
areas, crowded navigable areas or areas where navigational conditions are
restricted, vessels must observe the special regulations promulgated by
the Government of the People's Republic of China or by the competent
authorities.
Article 15
Vessels shall be prohibited from entering or passing through restricted
navigation zones unless specially permitted by the competent authorities.
Article 16
Towing operations on the open sea involving large-sized installations and
mobile platforms must undergo towing inspection conducted by vessel
inspection departments and be reported to the competent authorities for
examination and approval.
Article 17
If the competent authorities finds the actual condition of a vessel to be
not in conformity with what is stated in the vessel's certificates, it
shall have the right to require the vessel to apply for a new inspection
or notify its owner or manager to adopt effective safety measures.
Article 18
If the competent authorities believes that a vessel presents a menace to
the safety of a harbour, it shall have the right to forbid the vessel from
entering the harbour or to order it to leave the harbour.
Article 19
The competent authorities shall have the right to forbid a vessel or an
installation from leaving the harbour or order it to suspend its voyage,
change its route or cease its operations under any one of the following
circumstances:
(1) if it violates any law, administrative statute or other rule or
regulation of the People's Republic of China;
(2) if it is in a condition unsuitable for navigation or towing;
(3) if it was involved in a traffic accident and has not completed the
necessary formalities;
(4) if it has not paid the fees that are due or furnished appropriate
security to the competent authorities or the department concerned: or
(5) if the competent authorities considers that there are other
circumstances that will jeopardize or might jeopardize maritime traffic
safety.

Chapter V Safety Protection
Article 20
Construction operations to be carried out on the surface or underwater in
coastal waters and the demarcation of corresponding safe operation zones
must be reported to the competent authorities for examination and approval
and must be publicly announced. Vessels not involved in the construction
project may not enter the safe operation zones. The construction unit may
not enlarge such zones without authorization. When shore lines are to be
used in harbour areas or when construction work, including overhead
operations, is to be carried out on the sea surface or underwater in such
areas, the plan and a drawing thereof must be submitted to the competent
authorities for examination and approval.
Article 21
The designation of restricted navigation zones in coastal waters must be
approved by the State Council or the competent authorities. However, the
designation of restricted navigation zones for military purposes shall be
approved by the competent department of the state in charge of military
affairs.
The restricted navigation zones shall be announced by the competent
authorities.
Article 22
Without the approval of the competent authorities, no installations may be
established or constructed, nor may any activities that hinder
navigational safety be carried out in harbour areas, anchorages,
navigation lanes, or crowded navigable areas, as well as in navigation
routes announced by the competent authorities.
With respect to any installations which have been established or
constructed in the above-mentioned areas without authorization, the
competent authorities shall have the right to order their owners to remove
or dismantle the installations within a given period of time.
Article 23
It shall be forbidden to damage navigation aids or navigational
facilities. Whoever has damaged navigation aids or navigational facilities
shall immediately report the damage to the competent authorities and be
liable for compensation.
Article 24
Vessels and installations shall promptly make a report to the competent
authorities if they discover any of the following situations:
(1) If navigation aids or navigational facilities malfunction or become
abnormal;
(2) if an obstacle or drifting object jeopardizing the safety of
navigation is discovered; or
(3) if there are other abnormal situations jeopardizing the safety of
navigation.
Article 25
No obstacle affecting the efficacy of navigation aids may be erected or
installed in areas surrounding the aids. Any lights in the vicinity of the
navigation aids or navigational lanes that jeopardize navigation safety
shall be properly screened.
Article 26
When removing or dismantling installations, salvaging or removing sunken
ships or objects, and handling the finishing operations of underwater
projects, no hidden dangers shall be left to menace navigational or
operational safety. Before the aforesaid operations have been properly
completed, their owners or managers must be responsible for erecting
markers as required and making an accurate report to the competent
authority on the type, shape, size and location of the obstacle and the
depth of water over it.
Article 27
Safety administration must be strengthened with respect to harbour
wharves, mooring points and loading spots outside of harbour areas as well
as ship locks, so that they are always kept in good condition.
Article 28
To meet the requirements of maritime traffic safety, the competent
authority shall fix and adjust traffic control areas and harbour
anchorages. The designation of anchorages outside of harbour areas shall
be announced by the competent authority after the report relative thereto
has been submitted to and approved by higher authorities.
Article 29
The competent authorities shall, in accordance with relevant provisions of
the state, be responsible for issuing navigational warnings and
navigational notices.
Article 30
In order to ensure the safety of navigation, berthing and operations, the
departments concerned shall maintain unimpeded communications facilities,
ensure distinct and effective navigation aids and navigational facilities
and, in a timely manner, provide offshore meteorological forecasts and
necessary books and reference materials concerning maritime navigation.
Article 31
When vessels and installations are involved in accidents that jeopardize
or may jeopardize traffic safety, the competent authorities shall have the
right to take necessary, compulsory measures to deal with the matter.

Chapter VI Transport of Dangerous Goods
Article 32
When vessels or installations store, load, unload or transport dangerous
goods, they must maintain safe and reliable equipment and conditions and
observe the state provisions governing the control and transport of
dangerous goods.
Article 33
When vessels load and transport dangerous goods, they must go through the
procedures for declaration to the competent authorities and they may not
enter or leave the harbour or load or unload until approval has been
obtained.

Chapter VII Rescue from Disasters at Sea
Article 34
When vessels, installations or aircraft are in distress, they shall, in
addition to issuing distress signals calling for help, use the quickest
method possible to report to the competent authorities the time and place
of the accident, the extent of damage, the assistance required and the
cause of the accident.
Article 35
Vessels, installations or aircraft in distress and their owners or mangers
shall take all effective measures to organize their own rescue efforts.
Article 36
When vessels or installations in the vicinity of the scene of an accident
receive a distress signal or discover that people's lives are endangered,
they shall do their best to rescue the people in distress insofar as their
own safety is not seriously endangered, and promptly report to the
competent authorities the situation at the scene, their own names, call
numbers and positions.
Article 37
Vessels or installations involved in a collision shall exchange their
names, nationalities and ports of registry and do their best to rescue
personnel in distress. The vessels involved may not leave the scene of
the accident without authorization, insofar as their own safety is not
seriously endangered.
Article 38
Upon receiving a request for rescue, the competent authorities shall
immediately organize a rescue operation. All units concerned and vessels
or installations in the vicinity of the scene must act under the orders of
the competent authorities.
Article 39
When a foreign country intends to dispatch vessels or aircraft into the
territorial waters or the airspace over the territorial waters of the
People's Republic of China to search for and rescue vessels or people in
distress, it must obtain the approval of the competent [Chinese]
authorities.

Chapter VIII Salvage and Removal of Sunken and Drifting Objects
Article 40
With respect to sunken or drifting objects that may affect the safety of
navigation and the management of navigation lanes, as well as those
constituting a threat of explosion, the owners or managers thereof shall
salvage and remove such objects within a deadline set by the competent
authorities. Otherwise, the competent authorities shall have the right to
take measures to compel the salvage and removal of the objects, and their
owners or managers shall bear all the expenses incurred thereby.
The provisions of this Article shall not prejudice the rights of the
owners or managers of the sunken or drifting objects to demand
compensation from third parties.
Article 41
No sunken vessels or sunken objects in the coastal waters may be salvaged
or dismantled without the approval of the competent authorities.

Chapter IX Investigation and Handling of Traffic Accidents
Article 42
Any vessel or installation involved in a traffic accident shall submit a
written accident report and relative materials to the competent
authorities and accept its investigation and handling of the accident.
While being investigated by the competent authorities the parties involved
in the accident and relevant personnel must give a truthful account of
circumstances at the scene of the accident and other relevant information.
Article 43
In the event of a traffic accident that involves a vessel or installation,
the competent authorities shall ascertain the cause of the accident and
fix the responsibility for it.

Chapter X Legal Liability
Article 44
The competent authorities shall, in the light of the circumstances, impose
one or more of the following penalties on anyone who violates this Law:
(1) warnings;
(2) withholding or revoking work certificates; or
(3) fines.
Article 45
If a party does not accept the penalty of a fine or revocation of his work
certificate imposed by the competent authorities, he may bring suit in a
people's court within 15 days after receiving notification of the penalty.
If he neither brings suit nor complies with the penalty upon the
expiration of that period, the competent authorities shall request
compulsory enforcement from the people's court.
Article 46
A civil dispute arising from a maritime traffic accident may be settled
through mediation by the competent authorities. If the parties are
unwilling to have the case mediated or if the mediation is unsuccessful,
the parties may bring suit in the people's court. Parties to a case
involving foreign interests may also submit the case to an arbitration
agency for mediation, in accordance with the written agreement concluded
between them.
Article 47
Those whose violation of this Law constitutes a crime shall be
investigated for their criminal responsibility by judicial organs in
accordance with the Law.

Chapter XI Special Provisions
Article 48
Within the waters of fishing harbours, the state fisheries administration
and fishing harbour superintendence agencies shall exercise the functions
and powers of the competent authorities as provided in this Law, being
responsible for the supervision and administration of traffic safety and
for the investigation and handling of traffic accidents between fishing
vessels in coastal waters. Concrete measures for implementation shall be
separately prescribed by the State Council.
Article 49
The internal administration of offshore military jurisdictional areas and
military vessels and installations, the administration of surface and
underwater operations carried out for military purposes, and the
inspection and registration of public security vessels, the provision of
their personnel and the issuing of their port entry and departure visas
shall be separately prescribed by the relevant competent departments of
the state in accordance with this Law.

Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions
Article 50
For the purpose of this Law, the definitions of the following terms are:
"Coastal waters" means the harbours, inland waters, territorial waters and
all other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the state along the seacoast
of the People's Republic of China.
"Vessels" means all types of displacement or non-displacement ships,
rafts, seaplanes, submersibles and mobile platforms.
"Installations" means all types of surface and underwater structures or
installations, whether fixed or floating, and fixed platforms.
"Operations" means investigations, exploration, exploitation, survey
construction, dredging, demolition, rescue, salvage, towing, fishing,
aquatic breeding, loading and unloading, scientific experimentation and
other surface and underwater operations.
Article 51
The competent department of the State Council shall, on the basis of this
Law, formulate rules for its implementation, which shall go into effect
after being submitted to and approved by the State Council.
Article 52
In cases of conflict between laws and regulations pertaining to maritime
traffic safety hitherto promulgated and this Law, this Law shall prevail.
Article 53
This Law shall go into effect on January 1, 1984.




Important Notice:
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.