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关于广西龙胜韦某金融诈骗一案的研讨! 诈骗乎?罚金重乎??/龙君钱

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关于广西龙胜韦某金融诈骗一案的研讨! 诈骗乎?罚金重乎??

龙君钱


被告人:韦某 农民 广西龙胜泗水某村人

基本案情:

  2009年9月1日,韦某在龙胜县某农行柜员机处发现一张他人遗留的银行卡(卡内余额2万多元)。韦某先后分9次,每次取出2千元,共取走1万8千元。后归案。一审法院认定其犯信用卡诈骗罪,处有期徒刑1年6个月,缓刑2年,并处罚金2万元。

  研讨问题:本案是诈骗还是盗窃? 处以2万元的罚金对于一个农民来说是否过重??

  法理阐述:

  至于本案所涉罪名是信用卡诈骗还是盗窃?目前我国刑法理论界及实务界尚未统一的观点且争议很大。我们讨论这个问题的现实意义也不大。不过如果有司考打算的考生,应当了解本案应定盗窃罪的一些学者观点。

  如张明楷教授在法律社出版的《刑法学3版》第736页认为“诈骗罪中的受骗者只能是自然人”及第602页中“冒用他人信用卡,仅限于对自然人使用。在机子上取款,成立盗窃罪”去年(08年),张教授在《清华法学》杂志上又发表了《也论用拾得的信用卡在ATM机上取款的行为性质》。其他学者如周光权教授(清华)在人大社出的《刑法各论》第302页也持和张相同的观点 ,在此不一一论述。

  当然,认为本案是诈骗的学者和实务者,在取款机运作正常的情况下,都把它当“人”看,既我们可以“骗”它。一旦机子出了问题,你们就不把它当“人”来看了。不是吗?例如我们到取款机取2千元,但机子仅吐出2元。还把余额10万元清零了。请问事情发生经法院审理了以后,是不是该把机子丢到牢房里面去??显然,笔者赞同前述两位清华法学者的观点。即在骗了银行工作人员的情况下才可能构成诈骗罪。在机子上冒取行为应定为盗窃罪!

  至于本案的自由刑,笔者认为还是合乎人意的。但2万元的财产刑对于一个出身于贫困县的农民家庭来说,太重了。也太不现实了。以下浅析这种过重罚金刑的弊端。

  之一:法律对贫农的不平等性
  只要信用卡诈骗罪一经成立,据《刑法》196条都“并处2万元以上罚金”。作者看来,形式上是“法律面前,人人平等”,可实际上却并不平等。对于那些贪腐分子和腰缠万贯的商人来说,几万元的罚金仅像九牛失一毛而已,无关痛痒。但对于一个卑微出身,浪迹于社会的最底层农民来说,就意味着倾家荡产、负债累累、想不开的家庭成员甚至会失去性命!

  之二:罚金刑的执行难
  在司法实践中,财产刑虽常被适用。但执行效果却差强人意,往往会出现被告人根本没有资金或其他原因难以执行。正如陈兴良在人大社的《宽严相济刑策研究》第115页中的“统计研究表明,其罚金刑的执行率仅有36%”。笔者断言,像本案20出头的青年农民韦某这一年龄段的绝大多数青年不可能有如此多执行款,即使打工每天30元,看来韦某不吃不喝也要700天哪。本案会不会成为一种所谓“空判”,我们拭目以待。

  之三:罚金刑如此之重,必会株连其亲属。
  罪者自负是我国刑法的一项基本原则。像生命刑和自由刑比较容易理解也不会株连其他亲朋。但是财产刑却会直接株连无辜。特别是本案被告人父母将会受到毁灭性的打击。我们祈祷他们能顺利走过这一关。不要像去年在桂林市打工的两位龙胜姐妹因被骗4万元钱双双自杀(详见《桂林日报》)。其实本案的主观恶意程度并不深,比起龙胜政府某办公室那些“骗”扶贫款17万多元的那些共同犯罪分子来说(详见作者著的资料5)。简直天壤之别!

  本案被告人年仅20余岁的农民,也刚脱离父母的肩膀。由于无法抵挡一瞬间突如其来的诱惑。为此需要这个家庭或者整个家族来承担如此沉重的负担,在“宽严相济刑事政策”盛行的今天,未免还有“重(罚金)刑主义”的残留之嫌!

  之四:最可怕的是由于这种“重刑”,将有可能导致再次犯罪
  通过这种不合理的罚金刑,实际上已经彻底改变了农民韦某家庭的正常生活。虽然没有给亲朋邻里留下“蹲过监狱”的烙印。但过重的2万元罚金,不利于其改过自新。相反,极有可能走上更严重的犯罪道路。这也是我们同为一个龙胜农民不愿意看到的。

  由以上弊端我们不难看出《刑法》第52条的规定中无“财产情况决定数额”是不科学的。立法者应当考虑恢复1957年《刑法(草案)》第22稿52条“应当根据犯罪情节和犯罪分子的财产情况决定罚金数额。”

  其实低于法定刑的判例并不是没有的,如某歌厅经理黄某,冒用他人证件到银行取走34463元,也就并处了3千元罚金而已。这个案情详见沈德咏的《经济犯罪审判指导》中,同时在复旦大学社的《刑法案例教程》第412页也记录了该案件。至于本案,若并处法定刑之下,是常人能够理解的。甚至会认为,龙胜法官并不像德国社会学家韦伯所形容的“自动售货机”式的法官。被告人亲属也会感激不尽。

  综言,本案是诈骗还是盗窃没有多大现实意义,但并处的罚金刑过重是有目共睹嘀。作为一群有智慧哲理的法官,在研判法理、换度人情的基础上,应使得这样的个案处理达到“钱法和谐”之境,那也是我贫困县贫民之福祉啊!(完)龙于陋室 2009-12-5凌晨

资料及推荐优秀书籍:
1.《金融法学》 汪鑫(广西大学法学院教授) 中国政法 7562016045
2.《诈骗罪与金融诈骗罪》 张明楷 清华大学 7302119279
3.《刑罚通论》 马克昌 武汉大学 7307026810
4.案情内容参考 作者:廖德超 吴列军 两位龙胜作者
http://gxfy.chinacourt.org/public/detail.php?id=18729(中国法院网-广西)
5.劣文“弊端之三”中提到之广西龙胜政府某办公室腐败案

国家税务总局关于境外团体或个人在我国从事文艺及体育演出有关税收问题的通知(附英文)

国家税务总局


国家税务总局关于境外团体或个人在我国从事文艺及体育演出有关税收问题的通知(附英文)
国家税务总局



各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市税务局、文化厅(局)、体委:
一九九三年九月二十日我局与文化部、国家体委联合下发了国税发〔1993〕089号《关于来我国从事文艺演出及体育表演收入应严格依照税法规定征税的通知》,现对外国及港、澳、台地区团体或个人在我国(大陆)从事文艺演出和体育表演所取得收入征税的具体政策业务问题
,明确如下:
一、外国或港、澳、台地区演员、运动员以团体名义在我国(大陆)从事文艺、体育演出,对该演出团体及其演员或运动员个人取得的收入,应按照以下规定征税:
(一)对演出团体应依照《中华人民共和国营业税暂行条例》(以下简称营业税暂行条例)的有关规定,以其全部票价收入或者包场收入减去付给提供演出场所的单位、演出公司或经纪人的费用后的余额为营业额,按3%的税率征收营业税。
(二)演出团体凡能够提供完整、准确费用支出凭证的,依照《中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法》(以下简称企业所得税法)的有关规定,应对演出团体的收入总额减除实际支出的费用后的余额,按30%的税率征收企业所得税,并按3%的税率征收地方所得税;对
演出团体实际支付给演员或运动员个人的报酬部分,依照《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》(以下简称个人所得税法)的有关规定征收个人所得税。
(三)演出团体不能提供完整、准确的费用支出凭证,不能正确计算应纳税所得额的,在计算征收企业所得税时,根据企业所得税法实施细则第十六条规定的原则,应以其收入总额减除支付给演员、运动员个人的报酬部分和相当于收入总额30%的其他演出费用后的余额,依照企业所
得税法规定的税率征收企业所得税和地方所得税;对上述支付给演员、运动员个人的报酬部分,依照个人所得税法的规定,由演出团体支付报酬时代扣代缴个人所得税。对没有申报支付给演员、运动员个人报酬额的或未履行代扣代缴义务的,应以其收入总额减除上述相当于收入总额30%
的其他演出费用的余额视为该演出团体的应纳税所得额,依照企业所得税法计算征收企业所得税和地方所得税。对演员或运动员个人不再征收个人所得税。
(四)对本条第(二)、(三)款中所述演出团体支付给演员、运动员个人的报酬,凡是演员、运动员属于临时聘请,不是该演出团体雇员的,应依照个人所得税法的规定,按劳务报酬所得,减除规定费用后,征收个人所得税;凡是演员、运动员属该演出团体雇员的,应依照个人所得
税法的规定,按工资、薪金所得,减除规定费用后,征收个人所得税。
二、对外国或港、澳、台地区演员、运动员以个人名义在我国(大陆)从事演出、表演所取得的收入,应以其全部票价收入或者包场收入减去支付给提供演出场所的单位、演出公司或者经纪人的费用后的余额为营业额,依3%的税率征收营业税;依照个人所得税法的有关规定,按劳务
报酬所得征收个人所得税。
三、对演出团体或个人应向演出所在地主管税务机关申报缴纳应纳税款的,具体可区别以下情况处理:
(一)演出团体及个人应缴纳的营业税,应以其在一地的演出收入,依照营业税暂行条例的有关规定,向演出所在地主管税务机关申报缴纳。
(二)演出团体应缴纳的企业所得税和地方所得税,应以其在一地的演出收入,依照企业所得税法及其实施细则和本通知的有关规定,计算应纳税所得额及税款,并向演出所在地主管税务机关申报缴纳。按本通知第一条第二款所述依实际费用支出计算纳税的演出团体,在全部演出活动
结束后,可在与其签订演出合同的中方接待单位所在地主管税务机关,办理企业所得税结算手续。
(三)演员、运动员个人应缴纳的个人所得税,应以其在一地演出所得报酬,依照个人所得税法的有关规定,在演出所在地主管税务机关申报缴纳。属于劳务报酬所得的,在一地演出多场的,以在一地多场演出取得的总收入为一次收入,计算征收个人所得税。
(四)主管税务机关可以指定各承包外国、港、澳、台地区演出、表演活动的演出场、馆、院或中方接待单位,在其向演出团体、个人结算收入中代扣代缴该演出团体或个人的各项应纳税款。凡演出团体或个人未在演出所在地结清各项应纳税款的,其中方接待单位应在对外支付演出收
入时代扣代缴该演出团体或个人所欠应纳税款。对于未按本通知有关规定代扣代缴应纳税款的单位,应严格依照《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》的规定予以处理。
四、各中方接待单位在对外签订演出或表演合同后的七日内,应将合同、资料报送各有关演出、表演活动所在地主管税务机关,对于逾期不提供合同资料的,可依照企业所得税法及有关法规予以处理。
本通知自文到之日起执行。

CIRCULAR ON THE QUESTION CONCERNING TAX ON ARTISTIC AND SPORT PER-FORMANCES GIVEN BY OVERSEAS TROUPES OR INDIVIDUALS IN CHINA

(State Administration of Taxation: 21 April 1994 Coded Guo Shui Fa[1994] No. 106)

Whole Doc.

To the tax bureaus of various provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities and cities with independent planning, to cultural
departments (bureaus) and to State Commission for Physical Culture and
Sports:

The Circular Concerning the Levy of Tax Strictly in Accordance With
the Stipulations of the Tax Law on the Incomes Gained From Artistic and
Sports Performances Given in China, was issued on September 20, 1993
jointly by our Administration, the Ministry of Culture and the State
Commission for Sports and Physical Culture, a document Coded Guo Shui Fa
[1993] No. 089. The concrete policy-related business questions concerning
tax levied on the incomes gained from artistic and sports performances
staged in China (Chinese Mainland) by troupes or individuals coming from
abroad and from the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are hereby
clarified as follows:

I. For performers and athletes from abroad or from the regions of
Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who stage artistic and sports performances in
China (Chinese mainland) in the name of organization; tax shall be levied
on the incomes gained by art troupes and their performers or by individual
athletes in accordance with the following stipulations:
(1) In line with the related stipulations of the Provisional
Regulations of the People's Republic of China Concerning Business Tax
(hereinafter referred to as Provisional Regulations Concerning Business
Tax), after subtracting the expenses paid to the units, performing
companies or brokers who provide performing venus from all income gained
from ticket price or from booking the whole theatre or stadium, the
balance shall be regarded as the business volume on which business tax is
levied at a 3 percent rate.
(2) For performing troupes which can provide complete and accurate
certificates showing their outlay of expenses, according to the related
stipulations of the Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China on
enterprise with foreign investment and Foreign Enterprises (hereinafter
referred to as Enterprise Income Tax Law), enterprise income tax shall be
levied at a 30 percent rate on the balance of the performing troupes'
total income amount after subtracting the expenses actually paid and local
income tax shall be levied at a 3 percent rate; individual income tax
shall be levied on the remuneration actually paid by the performing
troupes to individual performers or athletes in accordance with the
related stipulations of the Individual Income Tax Law of the People's
Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as Individual Income Tax Law).
(3) For performing troupes which cannot provide complete and accurate
certificates showing the outlay of expenses and cannot correctly calculate
the amount of taxable income, while calculating and levying enterprise
income tax, in accordance with the principle stipulated in Article 16 of
the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax
Law, enterprise income tax and local income tax shall be levied at the tax
rate stipulated in the Enterprise Income Tax Law on the balance of their
total income amount after subtracting the remuneration paid to individual
performers and athletes and other performing expenses equivalent to 30
percent of the total income value; with regard to the remuneration paid to
individual performers and athletes as mentioned above, individual income
tax shall be withheld by the performing troupe when it pays the
remuneration in accordance with the stipulations as set in the Individual
Income Tax Law, with regard to performing troupes which have not declared
the amount of payments of remuneration to individual performers and
athletes or fail to fulfill the withholding obligations, the balance of
their total income value after subtracting other performing expenses
equivalent to 30 percent of the total value of income as mentioned above
should be regarded as the amount of payable income of that performing
troupe, enterprise income tax and local income tax shall be calculated and
levied in accordance with the Enterprise Income Tax Law. No more
individual income tax shall be levied on individual performer or athletes.

(4) In regard to the remunerations paid by the performing troupe as
mentioned in Clauses 2 and 3 of this Article to individual performers and
athletes, the performers and athletes who are invited temporarily and are
not employees of the performing troupe, individual income tax shall be
levied on the income from labor service remuneration after subtracting the
prescribed expenses in accordance with the stipulations of the Individual
Income Tax Law; for performers and athletes who belong to employees of the
performing troupe, individual income tax shall be levied on the wage and
salary incomes after subtracting the prescribed expenses in accordance
with the stipulations of the Individual Income Tax Law.

II. For the incomes gained from performances staged in China (Chinese
Mainland) by performers or athletes from abroad or from Hong Kong, Macao
and Taiwan in personal name, the balance of incomes from all ticket price
or from booking whole theatre or venues after subtracting the expenses
paid to units, performing companies or brokers who provide performing
venus is regarded as the business volume on which business tax shall be
levied at a 3 percent rate; in line with the related stipulations of the
Individual Income Tax Law, individual income tax shall be levied on the
income from labor service remunerations.

III. With regard to performing troupes or individuals who should
declared payments of payable tax to competent tax authorities in the
location where performances are staged, the matter shall be dealt with
concretely in accordance with the following different situations:
(1) Performing troupe and individuals shall pay business tax, they
shall declare payment of business tax to the competent tax authorities in
the location where performances are staged on the income from performances
staged at one locality in accordance with related stipulations of the
Provisional Regulations on Business Tax.
(2) For the enterprise income tax and local income tax which the
performing troupe should pay, the amount of taxable income and tax payment
are calculated on the basis of the income from performances staged in one
locality in accordance with the related stipulations of the Enterprise
Income Tax Law and the Detailed Rules for its Implementation and this
Circular, the performing troupe shall declare tax payment to competent tax
authorities at the location where performances are staged. The performing
troupe which calculates tax payment on the basis of the outlay of actual
expenses as mentioned in Clause 2 of Article 1 of this Circular shall,
after the end of all performing activities, perform the procedures for
settlement of enterprise income tax with the competent tax authorities at
the location of Chinese reception unit with whom it signs the performing
contract.
(3) For the individual income tax which performers and athletes
should pay, they shall declared tax payment with competent tax authorities
at the location where performances are staged in accordance with the
related stipulations of the Individual Income Tax Law for the
remunerations gained from performances given at one locality. For income
belonging to labor service remuneration and performances staged on several
occasions at one locality, the total income gained from performances given
on several occasions at one locality is regarded as a lump sum income on
which individual income tax is calculated and levied.

(4) Competent tax authorities can designate various venues, halls,
theatres or Chinese reception units to contract to provide spaces for the
performing activities staged by performing troupes or individuals from
abroad, or from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, they should withhold various
payable taxes for the performing troupes or individuals from the incomes
settled with these troupes and individuals. If the performing troupes or
individuals who have not yet cleared off various payable taxes in the
locality where performances are staged, when paying for the income from
performances to other units, the Chinese reception units should withhold
the payable tax owed by the performing troupes or individuals. Units which
fail to withhold the payable tax in accordance with the related
stipulations of this Circular shall be dealt with strictly in accordance
with the stipulations of the Tax Collection and Management Law of the
People's Republic of China.

IV. Various Chinese reception units shall, within seven days after
signing performance contracts with units from outside, send the contracts
and materials to competent tax authorities at the location where
performing activities are staged, those who fail to provide contracts and
materials by exceeding the time limit shall be dealt with in accordance
with the Enterprise Income Tax Law and related regulations.
This Circular goes into effect from the day of receipt of the
document.



1994年4月21日

德宏州人民政府办公室关于印发《芒市会堂管理暂行办法》的通知

云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州人民政府办公室


德政办发〔2008〕106号



德宏州人民政府办公室关于印发《芒市会堂管理暂行办法》的通知



州直各单位,中央省驻德宏各单位:

《芒市会堂管理暂行办法》经第十三届州人民政府第一次常务会议研究,现印发你们,请遵照执行。



德宏州人民政府办公室 

二○○八年五月二十三日





芒市会堂管理暂行办法



第一章 总 则

第一条 为加强和规范芒市会堂(以下简称会堂)的管理,明确经营范围、落实管理责任,为各类会议、会(接)见提供文明、科学、优质、高效的服务,更好地发挥会堂的功能和作用,制定本暂行办法。

第二条 会堂的管理按照“管理科学化、保障法制化、服务社会化”的要求,全面加强管理,不断提高办会质量和服务水平,把会堂建成对内服务、对外经营的基地。

第三条 会堂设置:会堂内设主报告厅1个、新闻发布厅1个、中型会议室11个、小型会议室6个、内外宾接待室2个、休息室2个。

第四条 会堂由州机关事务管理局管理,主要职责是:

(一)负责会堂的日常管理、设施维护、检测和修理。

(二)承接和办理各类会议。

(三)负责会堂的电梯、给排水、供电、空调、音响及通风系统的运转;负责会议厅同声传译系统的管理使用。

(四)负责大小会议厅、接待室、休息室及公共区域的卫生保洁工作。

(五)负责会堂广场设施系统(绿化草坪照明及广场灯等)的启闭。

第二章 日常管理

第五条 会堂工作人员应做到举止文明,礼貌待人,仪容整洁,讲究卫生,爱护公物,维持会堂的良好工作秩序。

第六条 会堂公共区域(门厅、过道、卫生间等)不准堆放杂物,不准乱贴、乱画,随时保持清洁畅通。

第七条 工作人员须妥善使用各种设施设备(供水、供电、通讯、电梯、消防、卫生、排污等),如需改变会议室内的设施、现状和用途,须按有关程序报批。

第八条 应按载员规定和操作程序使用电梯,不准用电梯超负荷运送重物,不挤乘电梯,防止造成设备损坏或人员伤害。

第九条 工作人员要增强安全意识,自觉遵守有关消防安全管理规定。禁止向窗外乱扔杂物、倾倒污水,禁止在楼内焚烧废纸、乱搭电源,禁止携带或存放易燃易爆物品。

第三章 会议区的管理

第十条 会议区的范围是主报告厅、新闻发布厅、11个中型会议室、6个小型会议室、2个接待室。

第十一条 会议区主要为州委、州人大、州政府、州政协提供服务,同时为州级各部门提供服务。

第十二条 为充分发挥会堂的功能作用,将其作为宣传展示德宏的一个窗口,会议区在确保为本级服务的基础上,面向社会开放,为省级、国家级和国际性的会议、论坛、报告会、新闻发布、文艺汇演等提供服务。

第十三条 为确保会议中心的安全,各会议厅均为无烟会议厅;重要会议,主办单位负责事先与保卫部门联系,以便采取相应保卫措施。

第十四条 州机关事务管理局需保持会议区音响、供电、空调、同声传译等系统设备、物品完好,确保会议区各类设备的正常运行,定期进行检查、保养和清洁。对会议区要补充更换的设备、物品,要及时提出更换补充建议,经报批后更换。

第十五条 会议厅的使用按以下规定办理

(一)会议主办单位,提前2天将会议时间、地点及相关要求书面通知州机关事务管理局,并提前半天到会堂检查验收会场,重大活动、重要接待等特殊会议,需提前5天通知州机关事务管理局,提前1天检查验收会场。

(二)常规性会议,会场布置、音响调试由州机关事务管理局负责;重大活动、重要接待等特殊会议,会场布置、音响调试、清场、封场由相关单位会同州机关事务管理局共同完成。

(三)会堂会议室实行有偿使用,原则上各承办会议单位须在会议结束前结清相关费用。

(四)会议室各项设备设施,承办会议单位、个人不得随意搬动,如有损坏照价赔偿。

第十六条 会议服务规范

(一)会前准备

1、服务人员要了解会议名称、时间、规模及有关要求。

2、确保会议室、休息室及公共卫生间整洁有序。

3、认真布置会场,按要求制作横标、摆放鲜花、放置座位、依职位高低或主宾顺序安排座次。

4、会议用水、消毒茶具、话筒及备用纸、笔等必须提前准备就序。

(二)会间服务

1、参会人员到达时,服务人员要礼貌迎接;在主席台就座的领导到达后,服务员先引入休息室,送上热茶及毛巾。

2、服务人员应遵守岗位职责和安全保密制度,按照服务规范认真开展服务。

3、服务员10至15分钟上一次开水,并适时送上热毛巾(按会议规格)。主席台服务人员上水时,做到仪态端庄、举止文雅、脚步轻盈、动作快捷无误。

(三)会后清理

1、会议结束,参会人员全部退场后,应及时关闭电器,检查、清扫会场,发现遗留物品应及时退还或妥善处理。

2、会议结束后,会议厅、休息室必须恢复原样,确保整洁。

第四章 服务收费

第十七条 会议服务收费标准

会堂各会议厅(室)收费标准由州机关事务管理局报州政府批准后,按以下标准执行:

以上费用包括会场布置、热毛巾、茶水、同声传译及音响服务;矿泉水、会标、席卡、背景版制作、鲜花、水果、绿色植物等按实结算。

第十八条 所有收费按规定全额上交州财政,返还款项主要用于添补会堂设施设备的维修和聘用人员工资开支。

第五章 附 则

第十九条 本办法由州机关事务管理局负责解释。

第二十条 本办法自2008年1月1日起执行。